AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.

Water and soil resources are most important for sustainability development. A watershed is not only simply the hydrological unit but also a social, economical, and environmental devision which plays crucial role in development of the country. Based on the national long term goals in water industry, different strategies are determined for the integrated water resources management in the national level. One of the most important problems in water management planning, especially in water allocation, is ranking the watersheds with respect to this various complexively related water strategies. A new method is proposed in this study based on ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. This model is used to evaluate 5 critical watersheds in Iran named Urmia Lake, Atrak, Sefidrood, Namak, and Zayandehroud. In this decision making model, 38 water strategies (S1, S2,…,S38) are defined as sub criteria in 10 clusters (C1, C2,…, C10). These clusters are categorized according to economic, social, and environmental criteria. Also, the fuzzy arithmetic is applied to overcome the uncertainty in decision makers’ judgments. The important advantage of the proposed method is using triangular fuzzy numbers in all steps of the algorithm. The results are compared with ANP method to validate the proposed model. It is indicates that among different watersheds, Urmia Lake and Atrak show the highest and the lowest scores, respectively.

Introduction: Ecotourism is a form of tourism that emphasizes on nature’ s attractions and it mostly revolves around getting in touch with nature and its dependence on the concept of sustainable development, creation of educational and ecological opportunities, and appreciating the mother Earth. Considering the concept of ecotourism sustainable development, assessment of ecological capability and identification of natural capacities of each region along with a proper planning may lead to sustainable and continuous utilization of the nature, as well as creating employment and earning income. Dena County is located in the north of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province with an area of 1577 km2. Due to its rare and valuable natural phenomena, this county has a great potential in tourism attraction that can host tourists and nature lovers in all seasons. Material and methods: Multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDMs) allow different criteria to be applied simultaneously in determination of the best option and the most appropriate condition. The Analytical Network Process (ANP) is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods with non-linear structure and two-way relationships. In this study, after analyzing the relationships between different indicators of ecotourism development and determining their relative weight using ANP, we identified the potential areas for ecotourism development using Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. It is common to use fuzzy series theory with the WLC method to standardize the criteria. Results and discussion: According to the structure of the decision making of the ANP, the index of landslide sensitivity with relative weight of 0. 3 and the geographical direction with relative weight of 0. 014 had the highest and lowest significance, respectively, among the indicators reviewed in identifying potential areas of ecotourism development in the study area. Based on the relative weight extraction of 17 indicators of ecotourism, from ANP and their integration with WLC method, the largest area of ecotourism classes was suited to the appropriately qualified class (S2), relatively suitable (S3), completely appropriate (S4) and inappropriate (S1). Conclusion: In most decisions, managers demand the optimization of several indicators instead of one index. Obviously, these indices are not comparable due to different scales, and even in some cases they are mutually opposite, so that an increase in one indicator decreases the other. Therefore, in decision making with multiple criteria, we usually look for an option that offers the most benefit to all criteria. In the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) weighting method, the dependence of criteria, indicators, and options is linear, bottom-up or up-down. In this study, it was determined that the dependence of the effective indicators on the development of ecotourism was bilateral and formed a network with a nonlinear system (feedback system), which in this case, the theory of networks should be used to calculate the weight of the elements. Similar to other previous studies, the results of this study also showed that the combined use of fuzzy logic and the ANP method in determining the preference and weight of criteria relative to each other provided more logical and flexible conditions for WLC evaluation. Comparing the results of this study with other studies showed that the indicators affecting the development of ecotourism varied in different regions.

In this research, the factors affecting university employees’ motivation and productivity are identified and classified in seven groups; the impact of each motivation factor on the productivity is presented by ANP fuzzy model. Eight universities in Iran were analyzed in this research work. The aim of this study is to explore the productivity of employees. This paper attempts to give new insights into designing the portfolio factors, motivating employees for productivity improvement by implementing BLP and ANP fuzzy models. The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship among reward system, motivation factors, and human resources productivity. In addition, among the options of reward system, the factors of internal (inherent) reward, non-financial external reward, and financial external reward had the highest impact on increasing motivation and productivity factors. At the next stage, a BLP model is designed according to the importance and impact of each reward system option on motivation and productivity factors and organization limitations, including budget, facilities, and conditions to design portfolio factors motivating employees with the aim of improving productivity. The research results show that actualizing performance evaluation, receiving the feedback from the results of doing tasks by different ways, providing an opportunity for all employees to progress, coordination between job specifications and employees’ abilities, and a manager competency are very critical for improving the organization productivity.

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with suspended particulate matter in the ambient air were collected at two sampling sites: urban and suburban residential areas of Yokohama, Japan from 1999 to 2005. The concentrations of target compounds were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations were higher in urban residential area than suburban residential area. They ranged from 0.31 to 6.16 ng/m3 with a mean of 2.07 ng/m3 and 0.33 to 2.87 ng/m3 with a mean of 1.02 ng/m3 in the urban and suburban residential areas, respectively. The predominant compounds determined both in the urban and suburban residential areas were benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [ghi] perylene, indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene and benzo [e] pyrene. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were higher in the urban than the suburban residential area, accounting for 77.3 % and 72.1% of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Source identification was performed by principal component analysis. Two principal components were identified for each study area and these accounted for 95.9% and 83.3% of total variance, respectively. The results revealed that stationary source and vehicle emissions were the major pollution sources in the studied areas. The impact of emission regulations for automobiles in large Japanese cities, which were enacted during 2002 and 2003, was also studied. Based on the average total concentration, emission reduction was 47.8% and 18.6% in urban residential and suburban residential areas, respectively.

Landslides susceptibility maps are one of the most important essential tools for planners and decision makers environmental especially in mountainous areas. Analytic network process (ANP) is including model for landslide susceptibility mapping. This model in addition preserving capabilities and advantages available in the AHP model, Overcomes the disadvantages related to it and therefore the its use of compared to the AHP increased in recent years and has been replaced it. In this study landslide susceptibility zonation done using ANP model in chellichay catchment (Golestan province in Iran). To do this is used the 10 natural and anthropogenic parameters (such as lithology, distance to fault, distance to river, drainage density, slope, aspect, landuse, vegetation density (NDVI) and distance to roads). Pairwise comparisons, data preparation and implementation of the model performed with using of tools such as super decision, Arc map and ENVI software. The final map obtained from the model were classified in five risk classes And evaluated using landslides occurred in the area. The results of the evaluation showed that 70% of the landslides occurred in the area are located in high and very high risk classes. According to the model demonstrates appropriate capability to predict the landslide susceptibility.

Poldokhtar an agricultural city that most people live in rural areas. This sector is the largest source of jobs in the region That depends largely on its income and welfare of rural households. However, marketing of products in rural areas low level. Products marketing is considered one of the most important indicators of rural development to improve the economic life of the villagers will be followed. The purpose this study was to investigate the problems of farmers in the marketing of rural products. The purpose of the present study, functional and perform the composition (qualitative and quantitative) is. The data gathering tool and information on questionnaires were experts. The statistical population consisted of agricultural specialists and marketing management Poldokhtar city's the central part of, which purposive sampling was elected 30 experts to conduct of paired comparisons. Products marketing obstacles and challenges rural agriculture by using expert opinion and marketing management of the central city Poldokhtar in five main categories, physical, cultural, financial, market structure and development barriers and obstacles were under twenty-five. For identify these barriers also to quantify relationships between weight and importance of the Analytic Network Process(FANP) be fuzzy. Results obtained of the proposed model indicate that among five main obstacle marketing of agricultural production, the most important barriers respectively related to lack of physical infrastructure (0/316), cultural barriers (0/217) and lack of resources financial (0/174) and in the following obstacles respectively related to lack of processing and packaging industries, farmers and middlemen and speculators is a lack of awareness. So in order to decline in barriers to agricultural marketing by authorities and relevant agencies, should additional support in this regard That the most important agro industries in this region.

In recent years, taking advantage of LARG supply chain (SC) paradigm, a combination of four paradigms (clean, agile, resilience and green) has been increasingly employed. For capturing the advantages of LARG in SC, companies needed to recognize proper practices and implement them with appropriate planning and infrastructure. However, one of its deficiencies is lack of proper method in the prioritization of the LARG paradigms and practices as well as explanation of their relationship. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is to present a comprehensive approach to deal with inherent vagueness and uncertainty of the human decision process using fuzzy set theory, it aims to provide a quantitative basis via a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) model that will make easy data collection and shall decrease the calculation. This model combines fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) with fuzzy analytical network process (ANP), i. e. FDANP, to determine the global weights of paradigms and practices and develop their impact relation map. Finally, the implementation of practice was prioritized by using interpretative structural model (ISM). It should be noted that, to measure the efficiency of this method, Iranian dairy industries as a case study was considered. With the help of obtained results, it can be determined the most and the least important practices and paradigms and prioritization of their implementation.